{"id":5380,"date":"2023-06-05T16:19:39","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T08:19:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dcl-controls.com\/?p=5380"},"modified":"2025-03-31T09:18:37","modified_gmt":"2025-03-31T09:18:37","slug":"why-voltage-signal-oscillate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dclactuator.com\/is_is\/studningur\/ta-acutator\/af-hverju-sveiflast-spennumerki","title":{"rendered":"Af hverju sveiflast spennu\u00fattaksmerki vi\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0nar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u00a0<\/h3>

1. Sendingarlei\u00f0 spennumerkja<\/strong><\/h2>
\"Mynd
Mynd 1 Flutningslei\u00f0 spennugjafamerkja<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Eins og s\u00fdnt er \u00ed Mynd 1<\/strong>, spennumerkjaflutningskerfi samanstendur af \u00feremur lykil\u00fe\u00e1ttum:<\/p>

  1. Neikv\u00e6\u00f0 afturvirk spennu\u00fatgangsr\u00e1s<\/strong><\/p><\/li>

  2. Merkjasendingarsn\u00fara<\/strong><\/p>

    • Innifali\u00f0 sn\u00edkjud\u00fdraafkastageta (C1)<\/strong> og sn\u00edkjud\u00fdralei\u00f0ni (L1)<\/strong>, sem eru h\u00e1\u00f0 sn\u00farulengd<\/strong> og rafl\u00f6gn<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>

    • Inntaksmerkja\u00f6flunarr\u00e1s<\/strong><\/p>

      • Getur innihaldi\u00f0 a l\u00e1gt\u00ed\u00f0nis\u00eda (L2, C2)<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>

        2. Hvers vegna ver\u00f0a sveiflur?<\/strong><\/h2>

        \u00cd neikv\u00e6\u00f0ri afturvirkri spennu er inntaksmerki\u00f0 reikna\u00f0 sem:<\/p>

        \u2223Xi\u2032\u2223=\u2223Xi\u2212\u2223Xf\u2223|X_i'| = |X_i| \u2013 |X_f|<\/span><\/p>

        Hins vegar, ef afturvirkt merki (|Xf|) er fasaf\u00e6rt um 180\u00b0<\/strong>, breytist jafnan \u00ed:<\/p>

        \u2223Xi\u2032\u2223=\u2223Xi\u2223+\u2223Xf\u2223|X_i'| = |X_i| + |X_f|<\/span><\/p>

        \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt ekkert inntaksmerki<\/strong> er beitt (|Xi| = 0<\/strong>), hinn afturvirkt merki vi\u00f0heldur \u00fattakinu<\/strong>, sem lei\u00f0ir til sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6r sveifla<\/strong>.<\/p>

        Til \u00feess a\u00f0 sveiflur eigi s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 ver\u00f0a tv\u00f6 skilyr\u00f0i a\u00f0 vera uppfyllt:<\/p>

        1. Lykkjuhagna\u00f0urinn er meiri en 1:<\/strong> |AF| > 1<\/strong><\/p><\/li>

        2. Fasabreyting uppfyllir:<\/strong> \u03c6A + \u03c6F = (2n+1)\u03c0<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ol>

          Hinn fasabreyting<\/strong> \u00cd lykkjunni kemur \u00far m\u00f6rgum \u00e1ttum:
          \u2714 Sn\u00edkjud\u00fdraafkastageta (C1) og spanstu\u00f0ull (L1) \u00ed flutningsstrengnum<\/strong>
          \u2714 L\u00e1gt\u00ed\u00f0nis\u00edu\u00fe\u00e6ttir (L2, C2) \u00ed inntaksr\u00e1sinni<\/strong>
          \u2714 S\u00edu\u00fe\u00e9ttar \u00ed \u00fatgangsr\u00e1sinni<\/strong><\/p>

          Ef heildarfasabreyting n\u00e6r 180\u00b0<\/strong>, sj\u00e1lfsveiflur geta \u00e1tt s\u00e9r sta\u00f0.<\/p>

          3. Hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir sveiflur?<\/strong><\/h2>

          Til a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir sveiflur, anna\u00f0 hvort af tveimur skilyr\u00f0um h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan m\u00e1 ekki vera uppfyllt<\/strong> innan rekstrart\u00ed\u00f0nisvi\u00f0sins.<\/p>

          \"Mynd
          Mynd 2 \u00c1stand neikv\u00e6\u00f0rar afturvirkrar lykkju \u00e1n sveiflna<\/figcaption><\/figure>

          Eins og s\u00fdnt er \u00ed Mynd 2<\/strong>, tv\u00e6r mikilv\u00e6gar t\u00ed\u00f0nir eru teknar me\u00f0 \u00ed reikninginn:<\/p>

          • fc:<\/strong> T\u00ed\u00f0nin \u00fear sem lykkjan h\u00e6gist |AF| l\u00e6kkar ni\u00f0ur \u00ed 0 dB<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li>

          • fyrir:<\/strong> T\u00ed\u00f0nin \u00fear sem fasabreyting lykkjunnar fer yfir -180\u00b0<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>

            Til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0halda st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika, styrking \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera undir 0 dB<\/strong> \u00feegar fasabreytingin n\u00e6r -180\u00b0.<\/p>

            4. Af hverju straum\u00fatgangsmerki eru st\u00f6\u00f0ugri<\/strong><\/h2>
            \"Mynd
            Mynd 3. Endurgj\u00f6f straumgjafa<\/figcaption><\/figure>
            \"Mynd
            Mynd 4. Vi\u00f0brag\u00f0slykkja spennugjafa<\/figcaption><\/figure>

            \u00dattaksr\u00e1sir straummerkis<\/strong> eru s\u00ed\u00f0ur vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mir fyrir sveiflum vegna \u00feess a\u00f0:
            \u2714 Vi\u00f0brag\u00f0slei\u00f0 \u00feeirra er takm\u00f6rku\u00f0 vi\u00f0 innri \u00edhluti<\/strong> (eins og s\u00fdnt er \u00ed Mynd 3<\/strong>).
            \u2714 Breytingar \u00e1 ytri \u00e1lagi hafa l\u00edtil \u00e1hrif \u00e1 fasabreytingu e\u00f0a \u00e1vinning<\/strong>.<\/p>

            Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti, spennu\u00fatgangsr\u00e1sir<\/strong> (Mynd 4) f\u00e1 endurgj\u00f6f fr\u00e1 \u00fattakspunktur<\/strong>, sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 ytri sn\u00farur og s\u00fdnat\u00f6kur\u00e1sir<\/strong> geta haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 fasabreytingu og \u00e1vinning. Ef breytur \u00feeirra breytast, kerfi\u00f0 g\u00e6ti uppfyllt sveifluskilyr\u00f0in<\/strong>, sem lei\u00f0ir til \u00f3st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika.<\/p>

            5. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a<\/strong><\/h3>

            Spennu\u00fatgangsmerki geta sveiflast \u00feegar:
            \u2714 Sn\u00edkjud\u00fdr valda 180\u00b0 fasabreytingu.<\/strong>
            \u2714 Lykkjuhagna\u00f0urinn er meiri en 1 vi\u00f0 \u00feessa fasabreytingu.<\/strong><\/p>

            Til a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast sveiflur:
            \u2714 Gakktu \u00far skugga um a\u00f0 lykkjastyrkurinn s\u00e9 kominn ni\u00f0ur fyrir 0 dB \u00e1\u00f0ur en fasabreyting n\u00e6r 180\u00b0.<\/strong>
            \u2714 L\u00e1gmarka sn\u00edkjud\u00fdraafkastagetu\/spantleika \u00ed flutningsstrengjum.<\/strong>
            \u2714 Noti\u00f0 vi\u00f0eigandi s\u00edun til a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0uga afturvirknihringr\u00e1sina.<\/strong><\/p>

            Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti, straum\u00fatgangar<\/strong> eru st\u00f6\u00f0ugri fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feeirra afturvirknihringr\u00e1sin hefur minni \u00e1hrif \u00e1 ytri \u00e1lagsskilyr\u00f0i<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u00a0 1. Flutningslei\u00f0 spennumerkja Eins og s\u00fdnt er \u00e1 mynd 1 samanstendur spennumerkjaflutningskerfi af \u00feremur lykil\u00fe\u00e1ttum: Neikv\u00e6\u00f0 afturvirk spennu\u00fatgangsr\u00e1s Merkjaflutningssn\u00fara Inniheldur sn\u00edkjuvirkni (C1) og sn\u00edkjuvirka spanvirkni (L1), sem fer eftir lengd sn\u00farunnar og uppsetningu raflagna. Inntaksmerkjas\u00f6fnunarr\u00e1s Getur innihaldi\u00f0 l\u00e1gt\u00ed\u00f0nis\u00edu (L2, [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[49],"class_list":["post-5380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ta-acutator","tag-input-signal"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dclactuator.com\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5380","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dclactuator.com\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dclactuator.com\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dclactuator.com\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dclactuator.com\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5380"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dclactuator.com\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5380\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dclactuator.com\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5380"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dclactuator.com\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5380"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dclactuator.com\/is_is\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}